Extinction of Dinosaurs

    Approximately 65 millions years ago earth was occupied by the dinosaurs. The word dinosaur is a word of greek language, which means terrible lizard. There were several species of dinosaurs like Plateosaurus engelhardti , Allosaurus fragillis , Barosaurus lentus etc. They had been living on earth for 165 million years. That era of the Dinosaurs was known as the Mesozoic era. But these monstrous animals did not able to fight with the biggest natural disaster on earth. According to the scientists 66 million year ago an asteroid hit earth, due to this the whole environment of earth had been changed. Due to that impact the atmosphere covered with dust, so the sunlight was not able to reach to the surface. Volcanic eruption occurred spontaneously, the level of sea also changes. So that changing environment became uncomfortable for the dinosaurs and the massive extinction occurred. The flying species Pterosaurs escaped from the initial impact because of their flying capability but afterward they were also affected. The debris were falling from the sky like fireballs and it burnt the prerosaurs.At that time the mammals were saved because of their small size and the lived underground. Most of the population on earth were destroyed and they became extinct.  After a long period of time when the environment started to become normal all the mammals came out from their underground holes and started their population. Due to the Dinosaurs the mammals were not able to walk through the ground spontaneously. But when the dinosaurs were gone the mammals became so spontaneous and they started to evolve. This mass extinction was one of the largest natural disaster ever happened to the Earth.Not only the animals the plants were also affected due to that asteroid impact. Approximately 75% of the population on earth were destroyed. Through out the world there are many fossils of dinosaurs are being discovered . On the basis of these fossils the scientists have gathered information about the species which have been extinct. The scientists are still doing their research to find out what actually happened.  There are several museums in the world where the fossils of the dinosaurs are being preserved and display to the visitors.

Market in village

    Village market is not like a regular market which we find in the cities. People can find fresh vegetables,fresh fruits at low price.Not only the vegetables and fruits, people can also find clothes, household furniture even some electronic gadgets in the market.  It seems like a small fair which only is arranged on a special day of the week.It only happens on a fix day of the week .Vendors come with their products and sorted out in a fine place to sell it.The screaming of the people feels the village atmosphere.Farmers collect vegetables from their field to sell in this market.People visit there to shop things for the rest of the days in a week.Sometimes price of the things is decreased than the regular market price.The life of a villager depends on this market, a person should collect all the necessary household things on that one day, because the rest of the week he and his entire family members have to depend on those things. Now a days many youtube vlogers are visiting these places and shoot these markets for their videos, as a result many people of the cities are being interested to visit. Many villagers ave their own fields where they do farming. They bring their fresh vegetables and fruits to this market and sell them at a low price which is helpful for both the seller and the customer. The farmer can sell their product directly to the customer and the customer gets the fresh material at a very low price. From many places the vendors come to sell their products on that one day, their standard of living is totally depending on that one day of the week.If due to some unfortunate reason a vendor can't sell their product on that particular day, he has to wait for a whole wk to sell the products. It affects his standard of living and may he is not able to feed his family for a whole week. So the market of a village is affecting both the buyers and sellers spontaneously. 

Mother's Day

    A day when children can praised their mothers for their  achievements, known as Mothers Day. A mother brings life in this world like our home planet earth. Among all the planets only it brings life in our solar system, that's why it is called mother earth. Not only that, our earth keeps  us and all the other life forms safe from all external stimulus of this harsh universe just like a mother. After birth a new born baby can't survive without the caring of a mother. She protects her child's existence and raise against all the unwanted harsh incidents. Even the animals protects their children. So the species Mother is always the same, though it is animals of humans or our mother earth. A tigress fights with the wolves to protect her children, a human mother works hard to earn money so that she can gives her child proper food and cloths. Apart from these a single mother fights with the taboo mentality of the society to raise her child , mother earth fights with the radiation of the sun, meteorites, asteroids etc. Every mother struggles in their own way to protect her children. We all have emotions for our mothers.Mothers are those characters who can do anything for their child.Even they sacrifice their life also.Mothers work hard to give their child a better life,a better future.They feel free to contribute their hobbies,their likes-dislikes.If a child does anything wrong,mother comes first to correct him/her.Behind every child's good behavior ,there is the sacrifice of their mothers. we should cherish all the mothers of the world for their sacrifices,their extreme love and patience.We should make them happy for their extreme love and caring. A day should be celebrated to cherish the motherhood of all the mothers in the world. On this day we can show our respect, love, caring to our mothers which she deserves. 

Windmill Day

    Windmill is a great power source of the world. Wind turbine is used to create electricity. Mainly a windmill is used for grinding grains and pumping waters. In the farms of Holland this windmill is being used spontaneously. In the world where the global is being increased day by day, a windmill is not harmful for the environment, so the scientists are agreed to use this as a source of power. In this modern era many essential works like making drinking water, providing water to the animals and corps, washing necessity clothes are done with the help of windmill power. Apart from this the windmill power source is less costly that the other power sources. Because this power source doesn’t need any kind of fuel. As a result there are not any hazardous created through this power source. It can be used as domestic energy sources. Few people installed windmill on their field for farming and also for the household works. It is sustainable so if a windmill is established then it will continue its service for a long period of time. For a person it feels like his/her lifetime investment. 

    8th may 2021 is known for the windmill day. In Holland on this day people celebrate it as national holiday. Using windmill as a source of energy has been using for a long time throughout the world. Heron was Alexandria was the known first person who was using wind to create energy but at that that time the process was very primitive. The Persian people was also using the primitive technology of the windmill. The first formal windmill was used in England in the year 1185. 

    Now a days the use of bio energy is getting increased to protect the environment from pollution. In the farms many people are using windmill as the source of electricity. Many factories are also using this natural source consuming process so the pollution can be controlled. 

Marriage

    There is a line, marriage is happening between two families not two people. Does it really have any meaning? 

    Marriage is a sacred bonding between two people. It is a ceremony where two people gather their hands, put their soul together and happily share their life to each other. If they don't feel any similarity between them, if they can't understand each other, do they really maintain their marriage? When someone share their feelings, their likes-dislikes, their compatibility to other one, then he/she can thought to spend his/her own life with other one. Here family only acts like a guest, who attends any function to give enjoyment to themselves.

    Different religions have different customs of marriage. Every people celebrate this sacred bonding ceremony in their own ways. According to their financial capability every people organize a get together with their families and friends. Some people do destination wedding and some people do only paper work to abide law. In an Indian wedding ceremony both the families of bride and groom invite a lots of people and organize a grand party with varieties of food, music etc. Indians have been celebrating their marriage ceremony for 3to 5 days. All the family members and family friends come together and they do dancing singing playing and other lots of fun activity to memorize this auspicious day. Many people’s life are depending on this ceremony like decorators, caterers, and priest because their financial condition in depending on these ceremonies. So a marriage ceremony is not only socially it is also financially affected the society.

    Sometime people have to sacrifice their loves for the family. Just because family denies their choices, so he/she has to forget his/her love and has to participate in family's choice. Then what will be the result? After some year, they get a divorce certificate as a gift.

    Modern people should change their mind. Then we can create a better society.

Mysterious World of Titan

    In our solar system the 6^th planet is Saturn, it is the 2^nd largest planet of our solar system. This is a gaseous planet. Because of the presence of the ring, this planet looks totally different from the other planets. Saturn has approximately 82 moon, Titan is one of them. Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and it is the second largest natural satellite of our solar system. Its diameter 5149.5 km and orbital period is 16 days. It was discovered on 25^th march 1655. It is fifty percent larger than earth's moon and its mass is 80% greater than moon. Apart from earth, titan has a dens atmosphere. Its surface is rocky and consists of ice crust. The surface of titan is covered with liquid methane. This is the main reason that the space scientists are curious about this planet. Scientists observed spontaneous liquid activity on this natural satellite. So, some of the scientists believe that some microorganisms can be present in the river of methane. Though there is no sign of life has been found on titan, scientists are hopeful to be found in near future. Even few scientists are hopeful that in near future Saturn can be our new home. It can be terraformed and a human colony can be established on this natural satellite of the planet Saturn. Titan’s atmosphere is Nitrogen rich and there may present water ice, these two factors could be the key of human colonization. In the year 2005 on 14^th January a probe of the European Space Agency (ESA) successfully landed on the titan. This probe confirmed the presence of water ice on titan. The photos from this probe confirmed the existence of large drainage channels throughout this natural satellite. After that all the space agencies of the world are getting interested about Titan. If there are present any extraterrestrial organisms on Titan, scientists are confident to find them. In the near future scientists are trying to reach Titan spontaneously and continue their research work.

Time traveler claims to travel from the year 2582

    Time travel is a hypothetical concept of moving from one point to another point of space time. In many science fiction movies we can watch various ways of time travel stories. According to the scientists time travel is just a theory, there is not any such practical experiments or examples of time travel. Different scientists have their different opinion about this. Some researcher suggested wormhole theories to do travel in space time, some of them suggested about the wrap drive, which can travel through space time faster than light. But none of them are experimented, these are only hypothesis. Even the world famous scientist Stephen Hawking was also interested in time travel. In the history there were few persons who claimed that he/she travelled through space time and visited the past or future. Some people believed and some denied on these stories and a conflict had been going on. Recently a tik tok influencer has claimed himself a time traveler. He uploaded a video on tik tok and told that he traveled to the year 2582. He has claimed that, there will be a lots of revolution about technology in the near future. But the main attraction of his statement is that, in the year 2026, 6th june the whole will be covered in darkness and everyone should be using only candles as the source of light. This news broke out in the world and it got viral. Some people believed and some people did not. This person became famous overnight and his tik tok followers were getting increased. There had been an argument started on the social media that the person was telling the truth or not. Few people were claiming that scientist should research on this matter. Though he is not able to justify his statement and it is assuming a rumor to get famous on tik tok. As a result the rumor has stopped and no one is interested. 

Women literacy

    Literacy brings awareness among people to think properly and to understand what is wrong and what is right. Humane brain can’t developed spontaneously without literacy.  We all need a literate state, a literate country. For this we should literate our girls first. A woman can change the world that we believe. In the ancient era it was believed that education was only for the men, women were not given permission to get educated. After many decades of fighting in this modern era men and women are given equalities to get proper education. There are separate schools for the girls, so that they can complete their education spontaneously. Mainly the awareness among people about women literacy has been increased. But these women are still begging for their respect to everyone. Still somewhere some people believe that literacy for the women is a restricted thing. They do not send their girl child to school. Still they think that a boy can have all the facilities but a girl can’t. Though the famous brilliant man Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar stood up against the orthodox rituals child marriage some people still believe in this cursed rituals which is destroying the dreams of many girls. Even in some places girls are being forced to marry in their childhood. Though there is strict law present against this child marriage ritual, some orthodox people are not agreed with it. If a girl wants to study they are banned from the society. Society people taunt her every moment. Why we can't accept a simple thing that nowadays every person should be literate!! For creating a better world, we need to work together. Above all the awareness in favor of women literacy should be increased. We have to feel the same existence for the girls like boys. We have to accept our girls as we accept our boys. 

Hypothetical city in the cloud of planet venus

 

    Venus is the 2nd nearest planet of the sun, it is called the twin of earth. It is names after the Roman goddess. This planet rotates clockwise, where the other planets in our solar system is rotating anti clockwise (except urenus).  It consists of a very dense atmosphere, due to the presence of a dense atmosphere the temperature of this planet is very high (approximately 464 degree Celsius) and the atmospheric pressure is 89 times greater than earth. Most of the sunlight is absorbed by the planet atmosphere and can’t reflect it to the space, so the temperature has reached to a higher level, which makes it non habitable foe any kind of living organisms.  The atmosphere of the planet is consist of 96.5% carbon dioxide and 3.5% nitrogen. There are also present hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and carbon monoxide in the environment. Before the development of modern technology scientists thought that the environment of venus was as similar as earth. But the modern scientists discovered the reality of this planet. The recent study shows that, there is presence of phosphine in the atmosphere of venus. Phosphine can only be exist in the presence of microbial organism, so the scientists are getting excited to explore venus spontaneously. Though the scientists are not able to find any microbial life on this planet but they hopeful to find any kind of life form in the near future. In the upper atmosphere the pressure and temperature are lower than the planet surface, where this phosphine has found. In the cloud of venus the temperature is about 75 degree Celsius, so the scientists are making a theory to build a floating city in the cloud of venus. Though it is hypothetical, scientists are getting forward to work on this plan and trying to find a way to make this a reality.  

Clothes view traditionally

    Traditional clothes gives a person an ethnic looks, wearing traditional can make people happy. And happiness is a rare thing we create ever after. Every religion have their own culture, own tradition. In India there are existing several people with numerous cultures and they have got their own tradition. Depending upon geography, ethnicity, and climate people have different culture and tradition. India has an ancient cultural history and the people of India are still try to maintain their culture. According to their traditions they have their own clothing styles like saree, salwaar, dhoti, panche, sherwani, kurta etc. Even the tribals have their own culture and traditions that gives them their individuality. They wear their traditional dress like bagh print saree, kurti, dupatta etc. All their dress are very colorful and attractive. Even people from different culture are willing to buy their dress. They have been made their dress by themselves, all their dress are very much unique and handmade which carries their own originality. Making people's best items is making people's lives. For example, if somebody has an invitation like marriage ceremony or engagement, she/he can make herself/ himself traditionally. It suits her/ him and also soothes everybody's mind. Traditional wear is a perfection, it has the power to improvise the madness. In this modern era people are adopting foreign culture, so the ancient Indian traditional culture is being faded day by day. People are wearing modern dress like geans, t-shirt, blazer etc. for their own style and comfort. Now a days the traditional clothing become only part of a marriage ceremony or other occasions. If somebody's wardrobe is full with saree or full with Panjabi’s, it doesn't mean she/ he is old fashionable. It means he/she always listens his/ her own. We have been brought up in our own culture. So we should keep it as a passion not a profession.

Lifestyle of a village

 

    Everybody wants to know what is the actual style village people shares in their lives.Village atmosphere gives us peace,purity, serenity.Every morning waking up with the sound of chirping birds,can refresh anyone's mind. Due to the lack of traffic the environment is not polluted. The greenery provides a lot of fresh oxygen to the air, as a result people's lung keep healthy for a long period of time. People of the villages always depend on the natural resources. They uses herbs to treat themselves. The ultimate sources of corps in the country always come from the villages. The farmers struggle and work hard to provide the whole country the necessary amount of food.  Farmers' whistling to their co-workers, bind villagers life in a common chain.When rain droplets touches the earth,a sweet smell comes out to cherish their mind.People go to their field to secure their crops and bring back their cattle home.The dairy farm is also cherished with the help of villagers.  Children are enjoying the rain playing football in the field.In villages,houses and roads are not properly build.People have to struggle their lives for existence.Somewhere children  do not get the proper guidance for their studies.They have financial problems too. In our country there are some villages where the internet facility is not reached yet, even in some places the electricity is very much irregular. If someone gets ill, that person has to travel a very long distance to reach the nearest hospital and sometimes in the hospital of a village people can't get proper treatment so they have to visit to the city hospitals. Instead of all these problems the refresh air of village can remove all our stress  in a second.Though it is a tough life for villagers,but they are gifted a peaceful life style.

Europa (Moon of Jupiter)

    Jupiter is the biggest planet of our solar system. It has 79 moons and Europa is one of them. It was discovered in the year 1610 by the famous astronomer, physicist and engineer Galileo Glilei. Europa is the 6th largest moon of our solar system. The diameter of this natural satellite is 3100 km. It takes 3.5 days to complete a orbit of Jupiter and it's orbital way is elliptical. It consists of silicate rock and also possess a water ice crust. The ice crust is approximately 10 to 15 km. thick. It is tidally locked with the planet jupiter so the one portion of the moon is always facing towards the planet. Europa possess the smoothest surface. scientists believe that there is liquid water present under the ice crust so the body of this natural satellite is the smoothest in the solar systems . This ocean of europa may 40 to 100 km. thick. Scientists also believe that, because of the tidal interaction between Jupiter and Europa this liquid water exists under the ice. This tide is similar to the tidal interaction between earth and the moon. But due to the chemical reaction with the rocks this water of europa is not drinkable. Ther water vapor splits and divides into oxygen and hydrogen, so there is a atmosphere which is tenuous. Recently this moon has taken a lots of attention of the scientists because of its volcanic activity. Through the volcanoes of Europa the water comes out and reaches almost to the space. So the scientists are expecting microbial life in this natural satellite of Jupiter but it is only a theory, there is not any such evidence of life. The environment under the liquid water of europa could be similar as the ocean of our planet earth. Apart from this scientists have proved that life can sustain in many harsh conditions, like the Tardigrades can survive in vacuum of the space and also tolerate extreme hot and cold temperature. That's why the scientists are continuing their research to find life under the ice crust of europa, their could be exist simple or complex microbial organisms. Even few scientists are planning to terraform and colonize europa in the near future for human survival.